CHUCK'S
PLANT FAMILIES
OF
NEW YORK STATE

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KINGDOM
PLANTAE

KEY
   

 

Subkingdom
Pteridophyta
NON-SEED PLANTS

  

 
Superdivision
Bryobionta
NON-VASCULAR
PLANTS (BRYOPHYTES)		  

 
Division
Hepatophyta
(8300) (liverworts)		    
Division
Anthocerotophyta
(350) (hornworts)		    
Division
Bryophyta
(13,500) (mosses)		    
     
Superdivision
Tracheobionta
VASCULAR PLANTS		  

 
     
Division
Psilotophyta (3)		    
Class Psilotopsida    
Psilotales    
PSILOTACEAE
(WHISK FERN FAM.)		    
Division
Equisetophyta (25)		    
Class Equisetopsida    
Equisetales    
EQUISETACEAE
(HORSETAIL FAM.)		    
  Equisetum arvense L. COMMON HORSETAIL
  Equisetum fluviatile L. WATER HORSETAIL
  Equisetum hyemale L.
var. affine (Engelm.) A.A. Eat.		 COMMON SCOURING RUSH
  Equisetum scirpoides Michx. DWARF HORSETAIL
  Equisetum sylvaticum L. WOOD HORSETAIL
  Equisetum variegatum
Schleich. ex F. Weber
& D.M.H. Mohr		 VARIEGATED HORSETAIL
     
Division
Lycopodiophyta
(850)		    
Class Lycopodiopsida    
Lycopodiales    
LYCOPODIACEAE
(CLUBMOSS FAM.)		    
  Huperzia ×bartleyi (Cusick)
Kartesz & Gandhi
[lucidula × porophila]		 (No common name)
  Huperzia lucidula
(Michx.) Trevisan		 SHINING CLUBMOSS
  Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh.
ex Mart. & Schrank var. selago		 MOUNTAIN CLUBMOSS
  Lycopodiella alopecuroides
(L.) Cranfill		 FOXTAIL CLUBMOSS
  Lycopodiella appressa
(Chapman) Cranfill		 SOUTHERN BOG CLUBMOSS
  Lycopodiella caroliniana
(L.) Pichi Sermolli
var. caroliniana		 SLENDER CLUBMOSS
  Lycopodiella × copelandii
(Eig.) Cranfill
[alopecuroides × appressa]		 (No common name)
  Lycopodiella inundata
(L.) Holub		 INUNDATED CLUBMOSS
  Lycopodium annotinum L. BRISTLY CLUBMOSS
  Lycopodium clavatum L. RUNNING CLUBMOSS
  Lycopodium digitatum
Dill. ex A. Braun		 GROUND CEDAR
  Lycopodium inundatum L. SWAMP CLUBMOSS
  Lycopodium obscurum L. TREE CLUBMOSS
  Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh NORTHERN GROUND PINE
Class Sellaginellopsida    
Selaginellales    
SELAGINELLACEAE
(SPIKEMOSS FAM.)		    
  Selaginella apoda (L.) Spring CREEPING SPIKEMOSS
  Selaginella eclipes Buck HIDDEN SPIKEMOSS
  Selaginella rupestris (L.) Spring ROCK SPIKEMOSS
Class Isoëtopsida    
Isoëtales    
ISOËTACEAE
(QUILLWORT FAM.)		    
  Isoëtes engelmannii A. Braun APPALACHIAN QUILLWORT
  Isoëtes riparia
Engelm. ex A. Braun var. riparia		 SHORE QUILLWORT
  Isoëtes tuckermanii A. Braun TUCKERMAN'S QUILLWORT
Division
Polypodiophyta
(8,600)		    
Class Polypodiopsida    
Subclass Marattidae    
Marattiales    
MARATTIACEAE    
  Marattia laevis Sm. Subtropical & tropical
(Not wild in NYS)
Subclass Ophioglossidae  

 
Ophioglossales    
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE
(GRAPE FERN FAM.)		    
  Botrychium dissectum Spreng. GRAPE FERN
  Botrychium virginianum
(L.) Sw.		 RATTLESNAKE FERN
(Clark Reservation)
 

Ophioglossum pusillum Raf.

 NORTHERN
ADDER'S-TONGUE
Subclass Polypodiidae    
Osmundales    
OSMUNDACEAE
(ROYAL FERN FAM.)		    
  Osmunda cinnamomea L. CINNAMON FERN
(Clark Reservation)
  Osmunda claytonia L. INTERRUPTED FERN
  Osmunda regalis (Willd.) Gray ROYAL FERN
(Clark Reservation)
Polypodiales    
POLYPODIACEAE
(POLYPODY FAM.)		    
  Polypodium virginianum L. COMMON POLYPODY
(Clark Reservation)
Pteridales    
ADIANTACEAE
(MAIDENHAIR FAM.)		    
  Adiantum pedatum L. MAIDENHAIR FERN
  Cryptogramma stelleri
(Gmel.) Prantl		 SLENDER CLIFF-BRAKE
  Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link PURPLE CLIFF BRAKE
(Clark Reservation)
Dicksoniales    
DENNSTAEDTIACEAE
(TREE FERN FAM.)		    
  Dennstaedtia punctilobula
(Michx.) Moore		 HAY-SCENTED FERN
(Clark Reservation;
not protected in NYS)
  Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn BRACKEN FERN
(Clark Reservation;
not protected in NYS)
Blechnales    
ASPLENIACEAE
(SPLEENWORT FAM.)		    
  Asplenium platyneuron
(L.) BSP.		 EBONY SPLEENWORT
(Clark Reservation)
  Asplenium rhizophyllum L. WALKING FERN
(Clark Reservation)
  Asplenium trichomanes L. MAIDENHAIR SPLEENWORT
(Clark Reservation)
  Camptosorus rhizophyllus
(L.) Link		 WALKING FERN
(Clark Reservation)
  Phyllitis scolopendrium
(L.) Newm.		 HARTS-TONGUE FERN
(Clark Reservation; found
2 new sites 7/2004)
WOODSIACEAE    
  Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth COMMON LADY FERN
(Clark Reservation)
  Athyrium pycnocarpon
(Spreng.) Broun		 GLADE FERN
(Clark Reservation)
  Deparia acrostichoides
(Sw.) M. Kato

SILVERY SPLEENWORT
(Clark Reservation)
THELYPTERIDACEAE    
  Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernh. BULBLET FERN
(Clark Reservation)
  Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. FRAGILE FERN
(Clark Reservation)
  Phegopteris connectilis
(Michx.) Watt		 NORTHERN BEECH FERN
  Thelypteris noveboracensis
(L.) Nieuwl.		 NEW YORK FERN
  Thelypteris palustris Schott MARSH FERN
(Clark Reservation)
DRYOPTERIDACEAE    
  Dryopteris campyloptera
(Kunze) Clarkson		 MOUNTAIN WOOD FERN
  Dryopteris carthusiana
(Vill.) Fuchs		 EVERGREEN WOOD FERN
(Clark Reservation)
  Dryopteris cristata (L.) Gray CRESTED SHIELD FERN
(Clark Reservation)
  Dryopteris goldiana
(Hook. ex Goldie) Gray		 GOLDIE'S FERN
(Clark Reservation)
  Dryopteris intermedia
(Mühl. ex Willd.) Gray		 SPINULOSE WOOD FERN
(Clark Reservation)
  Dryopteris marginalis (L.) Gray MARGINAL SHIELD FERN
(Clark Reservation)
  Polystichum acrostichoides
(Michx.) Schott		 CHRISTMAS FERN
(Clark Reservation)
  Polystichum braunii
(Spenner) Fée		 BRAUN'S HOLLY FERN
WOODSIACEAE    
  Gymnocarpium dryopteris
(L.) Newm.		 OAK FEN
(Clark Reservation)
  Matteuccia struthiopteris
(L.) Todaro		 OSTRICH FERN
(Clark Reservation)
  Onoclea sensibilis L. SENSITIVE FERN
(Clark Reservation;
not protected in NYS)
  Woodsia ilvensis (L.) R. Br. RUSTY WOODSIA
Marsileales    
MARSILEACEAE
(WATER-CLOVER FAM.)		    
  * Marsilea quadrifolia L. EUROPEAN WATER CLOVER
(Naturalized in NYS)
  Pilularia americana A. Braun AMERICAN PILLWORT
(Midwest, S, & Pacific west)
(Not wild in NYS)
Salvinales    
SALVINIACEAE
(MOSQUITO FERN FAM.)		    
  Azolla caroliniana Willd. CAROLINA MOSQUITO FERN
(NH to TX)
(Not wild in NYS)
  * Salvinia minima Baker WATER SPANGLES
(Naturalized in NYS)
  * Salvinia natans (L.) All. FLOATING MOSS
(Naturalized in NYS)
Subkingdom
Spermato-
phyta
(SEED PLANTS)		    
Superdivision
Tracheobionta
(VASCULAR PLANTS)		    
Division
Pinophyta
(GYMNOSPERMS)		    
Class Cycadopsida    
Cycadales (200)    
CYCADACEAE
(CYCAD FAM.) (1)(40)		    
  Cycas revoluta Thunb. CYCAD (GA & FL)
(Not wild in NYS)
STANGERIACEAE (2)(3)    
(1) Bowenia serrulata (W. Bull)
Chamberlain		 BYFIELD FERN (Australia)
(Not wild in NYS)
(1) Bowenia spectabilis
Hook. ex J.D. Hook.		 BOWENIA (Australia)
(Not wild in NYS)
(1) Stangeria eriopus
(Kunze) Baillon		 NATAL GRASS CYCAD
(So. Africa)
(Not wild in NYS)
ZAMIACEAE
(SAGO-PALM FAM.)
(8) (156)		    
  Zamia L. spp. ZAMIA (Tropical)
(Not wild in NYS)
Class Ginkgoopsida    
Ginkgoales (1)    
GINKGOACEAE
(GINKGO FAM.) (1)		    
(1) Ginkgo biloba L. GINKGO
(Ornamental in NYS)
Class Pinopsida    
Cephalotaxales (10)    
CEPHALOTXACEAE
(PLUM-YEW FAM.) (1)		    
(10) Cephalotaxus Sieb. et Zucc.
spp.		 PLUM YEW (Asian)
(Not wild in NYS)
Sciadopityales (1)    
SCIADOPITYACEAE
(UMBRELLA PINE FAM.) (1)		    
  Sciadopitys verticillata
(Thunberg) Sieb. & Zucc.		 UMBRELLA PINE
(Ornamental in NYS)
Coniferales (700)    
TAXACEAE (YEW FAM.)
(5)(18)		    
(2) Amentotaxus argotaenia
(Hance) Pilger		 CHINESE FLOWERING YEW
(Not wild in NYS)
(1) Austrotaxus spicatus Li AUSTROTAXUS
(monotypic, tropical)
(Not wild in NYS)
(1) Pseudotaxus chienii PSEUDOTAXUS
(monotypic, Chinese)
(Not wild in NYS)
(8) Taxus canadensis Marsh. GROUND HEMLOCK
  Taxus cuspidata
Sieb. & Zucc.		 JAPANESE YEW
(Ornamental in NYS)
(6) Torreya californica Torr. CALIFORNIA TORREYA
(Not wild in NYS)
PINACEAE (PINE FAM.)
(11) (210)		    

Subfamily Pinoideae

    
(110; 38 in N. America) * Pinus Banksiana Lamb. JACK PINE
(Naturalized in NYS)
  Pinus nigra Arn. AUSTRIAN PINE
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Pinus resinosa Soland. ex Ait. RED PINE
  Pinus rigida Mill. PITCH PINE
  Pinus strobus L. WHITE PINE
  * Pinus sylvestris L. SCOTCH PINE
(Naturalized in NYS)

Subfamily Piceoideae

    
(35) Picea abies (L.) Karst. NORWAY SPRUCE
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Picea glauca (Moench) Voss WHITE SPRUCE
  Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP. BLACK SPRUCE
  Picea pungens Engelm. BLUE SPRUCE
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Picea rubens Sarg. RED SPRUCE

Subfamily Laricoideae

    
(1) Cathaya argyrophylla
Chun et Kuang		 CATHAYA (China)
(Not wild in NYS)
(9) Larix laricina
(DuRoi) K. Koch		 TAMARACK,
EASTERN LARCH
  Larix occidentalis Nuttall WESTERN LARCH
(Not wild in NYS)
  Larix decidua Miller EUROPEAN LARCH
(Ornamental in NYS)
(5) Pseudotsuga menziesii
(Mirbel) Franco		 DOUGLAS-FIR
(Western U.S.)
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Pseudotsuga macrocarpa
(Vasey) Mayr		 BIGCONE DOUGLAS-FIR
(Western U.S.)
(Not wild in NYS)

Subfamily Abietoideae

    
(50) Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. BALSAM FIR
  Abies concolor (Gord. &
Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.		 WHITE FIR
(Ornamental in NYS)
(4) Cedrus Trew spp. CEDAR
(S and SE Mediterranean)
(Not wild in NYS)
(3) Keteleeria Carrière spp. KETELEERIA (SE Asia)
(Not wild in NYS)
(1) Nothotsuga longibracteata
(Cheng) Hu ex C.N. Page		 Common name? (China)
(Not wild in NYS)
(2) Pseudolarix amabilis
(Nelson) Rehder		 GOLDEN LARCH (China)
(Not wild in NYS)
(9) Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière EASTERN HEMLOCK,
CANADIAN HEMLOCK
  Tsuga heterophylla
(Rafinesque) Sargent		 WESTERN HEMLOCK
(Not wild in NYS)
CUPRESSACEAE
(CYPRESS FAM.) (29) (141)		    
(7) Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.)
Britton, Sterns, & Poggenburg		 ATLANTIC WHITE-CEDAR
  Chamaecyparis pisifera
(Siebold & Zuccarini) Endlicher		 SAWARA FALSECYPRESS
(Ornamental shrub in NYS)
(Ornamental in NYS)
(2) Cryptomeria japonica
(Thunberg ex Linnaeus f.) D. Don		 JAPANESE CRYPTOMERIA
(Ornamental tree in NYS)
(Ornamental in NYS)
(15) Cupressus nootkatensis D. Don ALASKA CEDAR
(Not wild in NYS)
(50) Juniperus communis L. COMMON JUNIPER
  Juniperus virginiana L. EASTERN REDCEDAR
(1) Metasequoia glyptostroboides
Hu & Cheng		 DAWN REDWOOD
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Platycladus orientalis
(L.) Franco		 ORIENTAL ARBORVITAE
(Ornamental in NYS)
(1) Sequoia sempervirens
(D. Don) Endlicher		 REDWOOD
(Not wild in NYS)
(1) Sequoiadendron gigantea
(Lindley) Buchholz		 GIANT SEQUOIA
(Not wild in NYS)
(2) Taxodium distichum
(L.) Richard		 BALDCYPRESS
(Ornamental in NYS)
(5) Thuja occidentalis L. ARBORVITAE
  Thuja plicata Donn ex D.
Don in Lambert		 WESTERN REDCEDAR
(Not wild in NYS)
ARAUCARIACEAE
(ARAUCAIA FAM.) (3)(41)		    
(1) Wollemia nobilis
Jones, Hill & Allen		 WOLLEMI PINE
(Discovered in
Australia, 1994)
(Not wild in NYS)
(21) Agathis Salisb. spp. KAURI (Southeast Asia)
(Not wild in NYS)
(19) Araucaria araucana
(Molina) K. Koch		 MONKEYPUZZLE TREE
(S. America; cultivated in U.S.)
(Not wild in NYS)
PODOCARPACEAE
(PODOCARP FAM.)
(15) (147)		    
  Podocarpus Endlicher spp. PODOCARP
(Australia, SE Asia)
(Not wild in NYS)
Class Gnetopsida    
Gnetales (90)    
GNETACEAE
(GNETUM FAM.) (1)		    
(30) Gnetum L. spp. GNETUM (Mostly tropical)
(Not wild in NYS)
WELWITSCHIACEAE
(WELWITSCHIA FAM.) (1)		    
(1) Welwitschia mirabilis
Hook.		 WELWITSCHIA (SW Africa)
(Not wild in NYS)
EPHEDRACEAE
(MORMON-TEA FAM.) (1)		    
(60) Ephredra L. spp. EPHREDRA (Mostly in
semi-arid habitats)
(Not wild in NYS)
Division
Magnoliophyta
(ANGIOSPERMS)
(2) (220,000)		    
Class
Magnoliopsida
(DICOTS) (6)		    
Subclass I.
Magnoliidae
(8) (12,000)		    
Flowers typically apocarpous; sometimes laminar stamens usually numerous and centripetal; pollen-grains
mostly binucleate and often uniaperturate; ovules bitegmic and crassinucellar; seeds very often with tiny
embryo and copious endosperm; cotyledons occasionally more than 2; plants very often with benzyliso-
quinolineor aporphine alkaloids, but without betalains, iridoid compounds, or mustard-oils, and only seldom
strongly tanniferous.
Magnoliales (10) (3000)    
Plants woody, ordinarily with ethereal oil cells in the parenchymatous tissues; pollen typically uniaperturate;
stamens often laminar; flowers mostly solitary, large; seeds with small embryo and copious endosperm;
stipules present or absent.
WINTERACEAE
(WINTER'S BARK FAM.) (100)

 a; pf
2--6, 4--#; 15--#; 1--# apo or syn
cap syn fol ber

  
 

Drimys winteri Forster & Forster f. WINTER'S BARK
(Archaic extant
angiosperm;
Argentina & Chili)
(Not wild in NYS)
MAGNOLIACEAE
(MAGNOLIA FAM.) (220)

 a; pf
-6---#-; #; (#) or #
aggr: sam fol

  
  Liriodendron tulipifera L. TULIP-TREE
  Magnolia acuminata (L.) L. CUCUMBERTREE
(New York to Georgia)
  Magnolia macrophylla L. BIGLEAF MAGNOLIA
(Virginia to Alabama)
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Magnolia virginiana L. SWEETBAY (MA to TX)
  Magnolia X soulangiana SAUCER MAGNOLIA
(Lily x Yulan Magnolia--
both China)
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Magnolia stellata
(Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim.		 STAR MAGNOLIA (Japan)
(Ornamental in NYS)
ANNONACEAE
(CUSTARD-APPLE FAM.)
(2300)

 a; pf
3 or (3; 6; #; #
aggr: syn ber

  
  Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal PAWPAW,
FALSE BANANA
Laurales (8) (2500)    
Plants woody; ethereal oils; flowers usually perigynous or epigynous; pollen mostly inaperturate or
biaperturate; flowers smaller and in more numerous inflorescences than Magnoliales; seeds as in
Magnoliales or often with a large embryo and little or no endosperm; stipules wanting.
LAURACEAE
(LAUREL FAM.) (2000)

 a; pf or di
-6- or -(6-; 12; 1
ber dr

  
  Cinnamomum camphora
(L.) J. Presl		 CAMPHORTREE
(Not wild in NYS)
  Cinnamomum cassia Blume CINNAMON
(Not wild in NYS)
  Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume SPICEBUSH
  Persea americana P. Mill. AVOCADO
(Not wild in NYS)
  Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees COMMON SASSAFRAS
CALYCANTHACEAE
(STRAWBERRY-SHRUB FAM.)

 a; pf
-15--30-; 15--55
5--45; peri
aggr ach (bac hypan)

  
  Calycanthus floridus L. SMOOTH STRAWBERRY-
SHRUB, BUBBY BUSH,
SWEET BUBBY (PA south)
(Not wild in NYS)
Piperales (3) (2000)    
Plants herbaceous; ethereal oils; flowers with no or much reduced
perianth; ovules mostly orthotropous; seeds often with perisperm.
PIPERACEAE
(PEPPER FAM.) (1900+)

 a or z; pf or mo or di
-0-; 2--6; (1, 3, or 4)
dru

  
  Piper nigrum L. BLACK PEPPER
(Not wild in NYS)
SAURURACEAE
(LIZARD'S TAIL FAM.)

 a; pf
-0-; 3 or 6 or 8; 3 or 4
aggr fol

  
  Saururus cernuus L.     LIZARD'S-TAIL
  Houttuynia cordata 'variagata'
Thumb.		 HOUTTUYNIA
(Ornamental in NYS)
Aristolochiales (1) (600)    
Plants herbaceous; ethereal oils; flowers with a well developed perianth; ovules mostly
anatropous; seeds with endosperm, but no perisperm; plants accumulating aristolochic acid.
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
(BIRTHWORT FAM.) (600)

 z or a; pf
(1--3), 0; 6--#
(4--6)
cap

  
  Aristolochia Macrophylla Lam. DUTCHMAN'S PIPE
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Asarum canadense L. WILD GINGER
Illiciales (2) (90)    
Plants woody; ethereal oils; stipules lacking; pollen triaperturate or sexaperturate; flowers hypogynous.
ILLICIACEAE
(STAR ANISE FAM.) (1) (40)

 a; pf
-#-; #; 5--#
aggr fol

  
  Illicium floridanum  Ellis FLORIDA ANISETREE
(Not wild in NYS)
Nymphaeales (5) (65)    
Plants herbaceous; no ethereal oils; pollen uniaperturate; plants aquatic, lacking vessels.
NELUMBONACEAE
(LOTUS FAM.)

 a; pf
2, #; #;#
aggr nut

  
  Nelumbo lutea (Willd.) Pers. YELLOW LOTUS
  Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. SACRED BEAN
(Ornamental in NYS)
NYMPHAEACEAE
(WATER-LILY FAM.) (50)

 a; pf
4 or 6, 8--#; #; (5--#) or
5--# hyp or peri or epi
bac cap szp

  
  Nuphar luteum (L.) Sibth. & Sm. YELLOW POND-LILY,
BULL-HEAD LILY
  Nymphaea odorata Dryand. ex Ait WHITE WATER-LILY
CABOMBACEAE
(WATER-SHIELD FAM.)

 a; pf
3, 3; 3--6 or 12 to 18; 3--18
aggr fol

  
  Brasenia schreberi Gmel. WATER SHIELD
CERATOPHYLLACEAE
(HORNWORT FAM.)

 a; mo
-9--10-; 5--27; 1
ach

  
  Ceratophyllum demersum L. HORNWORT, COONTAIL
Ranunculales (8) (3200)    
Plants herbaceous; no ethereal oils; pollen triaperturate; terrestrial; with vessels;
gynoecium apocarpous; sepals usually more than 2; plants without protopine.
RANUNCULACEAE
(CROWFOOT FAM.) (1600+)

 a or z; pf
5, 0 or 5; #; #
aggr: ach fol ber

  
  Actaea pachypoda Ell. WHITE BANEBERRY
(berries poisonous)
  Anemone quinquefolia L. WOOD ANENOME
  Aquilegia canadensis L. COLUMBINE
  Caltha palustris L. MARSH-MARIGOLD
  Clematis virginiana L. VIRGIN'S BOWER
  Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb. GOLDTHREAD
  Hepatica nobilis Mill. HEPATICA
  Ranunculus abortivus L. KIDNEYLEAF BUTTERCUP
  * Ranunculus acris L. COMMON BUTTERCUP
(Naturalized in NYS)
  Thalictrum dioicum L. EARLY MEADOW-RUE
  Thalictrum pubescens Pursh TALL MEADOW-RUE
BERBERIDACEAE
(BARBERRY FAM.) (650)

 a; pf
6, 6; 4--9; 1
ber cap

  
  Berberis canadensis P. Mill. AMERICAN BARBERRY
(Western U.S.)
(Not wild in NYS)
  Berberis julianae Schneid. WINTERGREEN BARBERRY
(China)
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Berberis x mentorensis
L. M. Ames		 MENTOR BARBERRY
(B. julianae x B. thunbergii;
3 spines)
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Berberis thunbergii DC. JAPANESE BARBERRY
(Ornamental in NYS)
  * Berberis vulgaris L. EUROPEAN BARBERRY
(Naturalized in NYS)
  Caulophyllum thalictroides
(L.) Michx.		 BLUE COHOSH
  Epimedium  L. spp. EPIMEDIUM
(Ornamental in NYS)
(heart-shaped leaf)
  Mahonia aquifolium
(Pursh) Nutt.		 OREGON GRAPE HOLLY
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Podophyllum peltatum L. MAY-APPLE
(toxin from rhizome chemo.)
LARDIZABALACEAE
(LARDIZABALA FAM.)

 a; mo, di or po
3 or 6, 6 or 0; 6; 3
aggr fol

  
  * Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Dcne. CHOCOLATE VINE
(NY to GA)
(Naturalized in NYS)
MENISPERMACEAE
(MOONSEED FAM.) (400)

 a; di
6, 6; 6; 3 or 6
aggr: dru or nutlet

  
  Menispermum canadense L. CANADA MOONSEED
Papaverales (2) (600)    
Plants herbaceous; no ethereal oils; pollen triaperturate; terrestrial; with vessels;
gynoecium syncarpous; sepals mostly 2; plants commonly producing protopine.
PAPAVERACEAE
(POPPY FAM.) (200)

 a; pf
2--3, 4 or 6; 3+3 or #; (2--#)
milky cap

  
  * Chelidonium majus L. CELINDINE
(Naturalized in NYS)
  Papaver orientale L. ORIENTAL POPPY
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Papaver somniferum L. POPPY, MORPHINE
(Not wild in NYS)
  Sanguinaria canadensis L. BLOODROOT
FUMARIACEAE
(FUMITORY FAM.) (400)

 z; pf
2, 4 to (4; 6; (2)
cap nut silc silq

  
  Corydalis sempervirens (L.) Pers. PALE CORYDALIS
  Dicentra canadensis
(Goldie) Walp.		 SQUIRREL-CORN
  Dicentra cucullaria  (L.) Bernh. DUTCHMAN'S BRITCHES
  Dicentra spp. BLEEDING HEART
(Ornamental in NYS)
  * Fumaria officinalis L. EARTH-SMOKE
(Naturalized in NYS)
Subclass II.
Hamamelidae
(11) (3400)		    
Flowers more or less strongly reduced and often unisexual, the perianth poorly developed, flowers often
borne in catkins, never forming bisexual pseudanthia, and never with numerous seeds on parietal placentas;
pollen-grains often porate and with a granular rather than columellar infratectal structure.
Hamamelidales (5) (130)    
Flowers producing either more than one fruit, or producing a single dehiscent fruit; ovules 1--many.
CERCIDIPHYLLACEAE
(KATSURATREE FAM.) (2)

 a; di
-0-; 8--13; 1
fol

  
  Cercidiphyllum japonicum
Siebold & Zucc.		 KATSURATREE
(Ornamental in NYS)
PLATANACEAE
(SYCAMORE FAM.) (6-7)

 a; mo
3--7 or (3--7, 0 or 3--7; 3--7; 5--9
syncarp of achenes

 
  Platanus occidentalis
x Acerifolia L.		 LONDON PLANETREE
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Platanus occidentalis L. AMERICAN SYCAMORE
  Platanus orientalis L. ORIENTAL SYCAMORE
(Ornamental in NYS)
HAMAMELIDACEAE
(WITCH HAZEL FAM.) (100+)

  a to z; pf or mo
0 or (4 or 5, 0 or 4 or 5; 4+4* or #
hyp to usu epi (2) or 2
cap

  
  Corylopsis glabrescens
Franch. & Sav.		 FRAGRANT WINTERHAZEL
(Japan; z. 5-8)
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Disanthus cercidifolius
Maxim.		 (Japanese Dirr favorite)
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Fothergilla major Lodd. LARGE FOTHERGILLA
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Hamamelis mollis Oliv. CHINESE WITCHHAZEL
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Hamamelis x intermedia (Various hybrid cvs. of
H. japonica x H. mollis)
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Hamamelis virginiana L. COMMON WITCHHAZEL
  Parrotia persica
(DC.) CA Mey.		 PERSIAN PARROTIA
(Ornamental in NYS)
Eucommiales (monotypic)    
Single indehiscent fruit; ovules not more than 2 per carpel; flowers
not in aments; ovules unitegmic; stipules wanting; racemose.
EUCOMMIACEAE

 a; di
-0-; 5--12; (2)
sam

  
  Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. HARDY RUBBERTREE
(Ornamental in NYS)
Urticales (6) (2200)    
Single indehiscent fruit; ovules not more than 2 per carpel; flowers not in aments; ovules bitegmic;
stipules usually present; flowers clustered into inflorescences usually with vestigial perianth.
ULMACEAE (ELM FAM.)
(150) (Connate perianth)

 a to z; pf or mo
-(4--8)- or -4--8-; (2--9); (2)
sam nut dr

  
  Celtis occidentalis L. COMMON HACKBERRY
  Ulmus americana L. AMERICAN ELM
  Ulmus parviflora Jacq. CHINESE ELM
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Ulmus pumila L. SIBERIAN ELM
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Ulmus rubra Mühl. SLIPPERY ELM
  Ulmus Thomasii Sarg. CORK ELM, ROCK ELM
  Zelcova serrulata Spach JAPANESE ZELCOVA
(Ornamental in NYS)
MORACEAE
(MULBERRY FAM.) (1000)

 a; mo or di
-(4-; 0--4; (2)
ach

  
  Artocarpus altilis
(S. Parkinson) Fosberg		 BREADFRUIT
(Not wild in NYS)
  Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. JACKFRUIT (largest tree-
borne fruit in the world)
(Not wild in NYS)
  Ficus spp. BANYON TREE (tropical)
(Not wild in NYS)
  Ficus carica L. FIG
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Maclura pomifera
(Raf. ex Sarg.) Schneid.		 OSAGE-ORANGE
  * Morus alba L. WHITE MULBERRY
(Naturalized in NYS)
CANNABACEAE
(HEMP FAM.) (3)

 a; di or mo
-5-; 5; 1
nutl

  
  Cannabis sativa L. MARIJUANA
(Not wild in NYS)
Cannabis sativa L. ssp. indica
(Lam.) E. Small & Cronq.		 MARIJUANA
(Not wild in NYS)
  Humulus Lupulus L. HOP (pandemic)
  Humulus japonicus
Sieb. & Zucc.		 JAPANESE HOP
(Ornamental in NYS)
URTICACEAE
(NETTLE FAM.) (700)

 a; mo, di, or po
-0- or 3--5 or (3--5)-; 3--5; (2)
ach dr

  
  Laportea canadensis (L.) Wedd. CANADA NETTLE
  Pilea pumila (L.) Gray CLEARWEED
  Urtica dioica L. STINGING NETTLE
Leitneriales (monotypic)    
Single dehiscent fruit; ovules not more than 2 per carpel; flowers usually in aments; pistil of a single carpel.
LEITNERIACEAE
(CORK-WOOD FAM.)

 z; di
M: -0-, F: bract; 1--12; 1
drupe

  
  Leitneria floridana Chapm. FLORIDA CORKWOOD
(FL, GA, TX, AR, MO)
(Not wild in NYS)
Juglandales (2) (61)    
Single dehiscent fruit; ovules not more than 2 per carpel; flowers usually in aments;
pistil with more than one carpel;  ovule solitary; leaves pinnately compound.
JUGLANDACEAE
(WALNUT FAM.) (60)

 a; mo
-0 or 4-; 3--#
(2)
nut dr

  
  Carya cordiformis
(Wang.) Koch		 BITTERNUT HICKORY
  Carya glabra (Mill.) Sweet PIGNUT HICKORY
(Cen. NY to Fl)
  Carya laciniosa
(Michx. f.) G. Don		 SHELLBARK HICKORY
(W. New York to OK)
  Carya ovata (Mill.) Koch SHAGBARK HICKORY
  Carya tomentosa
(Lam. ex Poir.) Nutt.		 MOCKERNUT HICKORY
  Juglans nigra L. BLACK WALNUT
  Juglans cinerea L. BUTTERNUT
Myricales (1) (50)    
Single dehiscent fruit; ovules not more than 2 per carpel; flowers usually in aments;
pistil with more than one carpel; ovule solitary; leaves simple.
MYRICACEAE
(BAYBERRY FAM.) (3) (50)

 a; di;
-0-; (2--8 or 2--8
hyp or usu epi (2)
dru nutl

  
  Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult. SWEET FERN
  Myrica pensylvanica
Loisel. ex Duhamel		 BAYBERRY
  Myrica cerifera L. WAX-MYRTLE
(Not wild in NYS)
  Myrica gale L. SWEET GALE
Fagales (4) (900)    
Single dehiscent fruit; flowers usually in aments; pistil with more than one carpel; ovules 2 or more.
FAGACEAE
(BEECH FAM.) (800)

 a; mo
-4-6-; 4-#
(3)
nut

  
  Castanea dentata
(Marsh.) Borkh.		 AMERICAN CHESTNUT
  Castanea pumila (L.) Mill. CHINESE CHESTNUT
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. AMERICAN BEECH
  Fagus sylvatica L. EUROPEAN BEECH
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Quercus alba L. WHITE OAK
  Quercus bicolor Willd. SWAMP WHITE OAK
(obovate,  long-stalked acorn)
  Quercus coccinea Muenchh. SCARLET OAK
(concentric rings top of acorn)
  Quercus macrocarpa Michx. BURR OAK,
MOSSYCUP OAK
  Quercus marilandica Muenchh. BLACKJACK OAK
  Quercus mühlenbergii Engelm. CHINKAPIN OAK (teeth mu-
cronate; acorn short-stalked
  Quercus palustris Muenchh. PIN OAK
  Quercus montana Willd. CHESTNUT OAK (teeth
crenate; acorn long-stalked)
  Quercus robur L. ENGLISH OAK
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Quercus rubra L. NORTHERN RED OAK
  Quercus velutina Lam. BLACK OAK (axillary tufts;
vertically striated acorns)
BETULACEAE
(BIRCH FAM.) (120)

 a; mo
-0 or 1--6-; 1--4 or (1--4
(2)
nut

  
  Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. EUROPEAN ALDER
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Alnus serrulata
(Dryand. ex Ait.) Willd.		 SPECKLED ALDER
  Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC. MOUNTAIN ALDER
  Betula alleghaniensis Britt. YELLOW BIRCH
  Betula cordifolia Regel MOUNTAIN PAPER BIRCH
(rare)
  Betula glandulosa Michx. DWARF BIRCH (rare)
  Betula jacquemontii HIMALAYAN BIRCH
(Betula utilus
var. jacquemontii)
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Betula lenta L. SWEET BIRCH
  Betula minor (Tuckerm.) Fern. DWARF WHITE BIRCH
(rare)
  Betula nigra L. RIVER BIRCH
  Betula papyrifera Marsh. PAPER BIRCH
  Betula papyrifera
var. cordifolia		 HEART-LEAVED
PAPER BIRCH
  Betula pendula Roth EUROPEAN WHITE BIRCH
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Betula populifolia Marsh. GREY BIRCH
  Betula pumila L. SWAMP BIRCH (rare)
  Carpinus betulus L. EUROPEAN HORNBEAM
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Carpinus caroliniana Walt. AMERICAN HORNBEAM
  Corylus americana Walt. AMERICAN HAZELNUT
  Corylus avellana L. EUROPEAN FILBERT
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Corylus cornuta Marsh. BEAKED HAZELNUT
  Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) Koch AMERICAN
HOPHORNBEAM
Subclass III.
Caryophyllidae
(3) (11,000)		    
Plants usually with betalains, or with free-central to basal placentation (in a compound ovary), or both, but
lacking both mustard-oils and iridoid compounds; pollen-grains trinucleate, ovules bitegmic, crassinucellar;
plants mostly herbaceous; petals polypetalous or wanting; seeds usually with perisperm instead of endosperm.
Caryophyllales (12) (10,000)    
Ovule 1--many; seeds without true endosperm; P-type sieve-tube plastid;
most families producing betalains but not anthocyanins.
CHENOPODIACEAE
(GOOSEFOOT FAM.)

 a; pf, di or mo
-(5 or 5-; 5; (2 or 3)
nut ach

  
  * Chenopodium album L. LAMB'S QUARTERS
(Naturalized in NYS)
  * Salicornia europaea L. GLASSWORT
(Naturalized in NYS)
  Beta vulgaris L. BEET
(Not wild in NYS)
  Chenopodium quinoa Willd. QUINOA
(Not wild in NYS)
  Spinacia oleracea L. SPINACH
(Not wild in NYS)
MOLLUGINACEAE
(CARPET-WEED FAM.)

 a; pf or mo
5, 4--10; 5--10; (1--10)
cap

  
  Mollugo verticillata L. CARPETWEED
NYCTAGINACEAE
(FOUR-O'CLOCK FAM.)

 a; pf, mo, or di;
-(5)-; 5 or (5; 1
ach

  
  * Mirabilis nyctaginea
(Michx.) MacM.		 FOUR-O'CLOCK
(Naturalized in NYS)
AIZOACEAE
(FIG-MARIGOLD FAM.)

a; pf
-(4--5)-;(4--10) or many; (2--5)
cap ber
Sesuvium maritimum
(Walt.) BSP.		 SEA PURSLANE
PHYTOLACCACEAE
(POKEWEED FAM.) (120)

 a; pf
-4 or 5- or -(4 or 5-; 4--10
or (4--10; 1--# or (1--#)
ber dru sam ach

  
  Phytolacca americana L. POKEWEED
  Phytolacca dioica L. OMBU TREE
(Tropical S. America)
(Not wild in NYS)
AMARANTHACEAE
(AMARANTH FAM.)

a; pf, di or po-di
-3--5- or -(3--5-; (5); (2 or 3)
utr ach pyx 

  
  * Amaranthus retroflexus L. PIGWEED
(Naturalized in NYS)
  Amaranthus spp. AMARANTH
(Not wild in NYS)
  Amaranthus spp. AMARANTH
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Celosia spp. CELOSIA
(Ornamental in NYS)
PORTULACACEAE
(PURSLANE FAM.)

 a; pf
-4--6- or (4--6; 4--#; (2--9)
cap

  
  Claytonia caroliniana Michx. CAROLINA SPRING BEAUTY
  * Portulaca oleracea L. PURSLANE
(Naturalized in NYS)
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
(PINK FAM.)

 a; pf
(4 or 5) or 4 or 5, 5--10; (2--5)
cap utr

  
  * Arenaria leptoclados
(Reichenb.) Guss		 SANDWORT
(Naturalized in NYS)
  Dianthus caryophyllus L. CARNATION
(Ornamental in NYS)
  * Dianthus deltoides L. MAIDEN PINK
(Naturalized in NYS)
  Minuartia groenlandica
(Retz.) Ostenf.		 MOUNTAIN SANDWORT
  * Saponaria officinalis L. SOAPWORT
(Naturalized in NYS)
  * Silene latifolia Poir. WHITE CAMPION
(Naturalized in NYS)
  * Silene vulgaris
(Moench) Garcke		 BLADDER CAMPION
(Naturalized in NYS)
  * Spergula arvensis L. SPURREY, POVERTY-WEED
(Naturalized in NYS)
  * Stellaria media (L.) Vill. COMMON CHICKWEED
(Naturalized in NYS)
CACTACEAE
(CACTUS FAM.)

 a to z; pf
-#- or -(#-; #
epi (3--#)
ber

  
  Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. EASTERN PRICKLY-PEAR
  Lophophora williamsii
(Lem. ex S.D.) Coult.		 PEYOTE
(Not wild in NYS)
Polygonales (1)    
Ovule solitary; seeds without perisperm, abundant endosperm or wanting; S-type
sieve-tube plastid; plants producing anthocyanins, but not betalains; perianth not
clearly differentiated into calyx and corolla; ovule orthotropous.
POLYGONACEAE
(BUCKWHEAT FAM.) (30) (1000)

 a; pf
-(5 or 6- or -5 or 6-;
(6 to 9 or 6 to 9; (2 or 3)
ach

  
  Fagopyrum esculentum
Moench		 BUCKWHEAT
(Not wild in NYS)
  Polygonella articulata
(L.) Meisn.		 JOINTWEED
  Polygonum amphibium L. WATER SMARTWEED
  * Polygonum aviculare L. KNOTGRASS
(Naturalized in NYS)
  Polygonum cilinode Michx. CLIMBING BUCKWHEAT
  *Polygonum cuspidatum
Sieb. & Zucc.		 JAPANESE KNOTWEED
(Naturalized in NYS)
  Polygonum perfoliatum L. MILE-A-MINUTE
(PA south)
(Becoming naturalized?)
(Not wild in NYS)
  Polygonum sagittatum L. ARROW-LEAVED
TEARTHUMB
  Rheum rhabarbarum L. RHUBARB
(Not wild in NYS)
  * Rumex acetosella L. SHEEP SORREL
(Naturalized in NYS)
  * Rumex crispus L. CURLY DOCK
(Naturalized in NYS)
Plumbaginales (1)    
Ovule solitary; seeds without perisperm, abundant endosperm or wanting; S-type sieve-tube
plastid; plants producing anthocyanins, but not betalains; perianth differentiated into
gamosepalous calyx, and gamopetalous corolla; ovule anatropous.
PLUMBAGINACEAE
(PLUMBAGO FAM.) (12) (400)

a; pf
A5
(5), (5); (5)
cap nut

  
  Armeria vulgaris Willd. LADIES' CUSHION
  Limonium carolinianum
(Walt.) Britt.		 CAROLINA SEA LAVENDER
(ME to TX)
Subclass IV.
Dilleniidae
(13) (25,000)		    
Plants without betalains, and the placentation only rarely free-central or basal; plants often with mustard-oils or
iridoid compounds or tannins; pollen-grains usually binucleate; ovules various; plants variously woody or
herbaceous; petals usually polypetalous; seeds seldom with perisperm.
Dilleniales (2) (380)
(Only apocarpous order)		    
Carpels mostly distinct (simple pistil); seeds arillate with well-developed endosperm.
PAEONIACEAE
(PEONY FAM.) (1) (30)

 a; pf
3--7, 5--13; #; 2--15
aggr fol

  
  Paeonia spp. PEONY
(Ornamental in NYS)
Theales (18) (3500)    
Carpels more or less united (compound pistil); flowers mostly polypetalous;
ovules bitegmic; placentation mostly axile; sepals mostly imbricate.
THEACEAE
(TEA FAM.) (600)

 a; pf
5 or (5; 5 or (5; # or (#); (3--5)
cap

  
  Franklinia alatamaha
Bartr. ex Marsh.		 FRANKLIN TREE
(Rare Georgia native;
now mostly cultivated)
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Stewartia pseudocamellia
Maxim.		 JAPANESE STEWARTIA
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Thea sinensis L. TEA
(Not wild in NYS)
ACTINIDIACEAE
(ACTINIDIA FAM.)

 a; var
4--7; 4--7; 10--100; (5--20)
ber cap

  
  Actinidia chinensis Planch. KIWI (China)
(Not wild in NYS)
ELATINACEAE
(WATER-WORT FAM.)

 a; pf
2--6 or (2--6), 2--6; 2--12; (2--6)
cap

  
  Elatine americana (Pursh) Arn. AMERICAN WATER-WORT
(NY south)
GUTTIFERAE
(ST. JOHN'S-WORT FAM.)

 a; var
2--6 or (2--6), 2--6 or (2--6); #; (3) or (5)
cap ber dru

  
  Hypericum canadense L. CANADIAN ST. JOHN'S-WORT
  * Hypericum perforatum L. COMMON ST. JOHN'S-WORT
(Naturalized in NYS)
  Triadenum virginicum
(L.) Raf.		 MARSH ST. JOHN'S-WORT
Malvales (5)
(3000 to 3500)		    
Compound pistil; flowers mostly polypetalous; ovules bitegmic; placentation mostly axile; sepals valvate.
TILIACEAE
(LINDEN FAM.) (450)

 a; pf
5 or (5, 5 or 0; # or (#; (2--5)
ber cap

  
  Corchorus tridens L. JUTE (NJ, PA & deep south)
(Not wild in NYS)
  Tilia americana L. AMERICAN BASSWOOD
  Tilia cordata Mill. LITTLELEAF LINDEN
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Tilia heterophylla Vent. WHITE BASSWOOD
  Tilia tomentosa Moench. SILVER LINDEN
(Ornamental in NYS)
STERCULIACEAE
(CACAO FAM.) (1000)

 a or z; pf or mo or po-mo
5 or (5), 5; 5 or 10 or #; (5) or (10--12)
var

  
  * Melochia corchorifolia L. CHOCOLATEWEED (NY, rare)
(Naturalized in NYS)
BOMBACACEAE (180)

 a; pf
(5 or 5, 5; 5--# or (5--#); (2--5)
cap pod

  
  Durio zibethinus L. DURIAN (Fruit a delicacy;
foul odor; tropical)
(Not wild in NYS)
MALVACEAE
(MALLOW FAM.) (1000 to 1500)

 a; pf
(5 or 5, 5; (#); (2--#)
cap sch

  
  Althaea rosea L. HOLLYHOCK
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Gossypium spp. COTTON
(Not wild in NYS)
  Hibiscus esculentus L. OKRA
(Not wild in NYS)
  Hibiscus syriacus L. ROSE OF SHARON
(Ornamental in NYS)
  * Malva moschata L. MUSK MALLOW
(Naturalized in NYS)
Nepenthales (3) (200)    
Compound pistil; flowers mostly polypetalous; ovules bitegmic; plants insectivorous.
SARRACENIACEAE
(PITCHER-PLANT FAM.) (15)

 a; pf
5, 5; #; (5)
cap

  
  Sarracenia purpurea L. PITCHER PLANT
DROSERACEAE
(SUNDEW FAM.) (100)

 a; pf
(5, 5; 5 (4)
cap

  
  Drosera intermedia Hayne SPATULATE-LEAVED
SUNDEW
  Drosera rotundifolia L. ROUND-LEAVED SUNDEW
Violales (24) (5000)    
Compound pistil; flowers mostly polypetalous; ovules bitegmic; placentation mostly parietal;
flowers with an evident perianth, not borne in catkins; plants usually without mustard-oil and
myrosin-cells; fruit without a replum; carpels most often 3.
CISTACEAE
(ROCK-ROSE FAM.)

 a; pf
3 +- 2, 3 or 5; #; (3 or 5)
cap

  
  Lechea maritima
Leggett ex Britt.		 BEACH PINWEED
VIOLACEAE
(VIOLET FAM.) (800)

 z to a; pf
5, 5; 5 or (5); (3)
cap

  
  Viola canadensis L. CANADA VIOLET
TAMARICACEAE
(TAMARISK FAM.)

 a; pf
5, 5; 5; 1
cap

  
  Tamarix parviflora DC. SMALL-FLOWERED
TAMARIX (PA south)
(Not wild in NYS)
PASSIFLORACEAE
(PASSION-FLOWER FAM.)
(650)

a; pf
Co5
(5 or 5; (5 or 5; (3)
ber cap

  
  Passiflora spp. PASSIONFLOWER
(PA south & west)
(Not wild in NYS)
CUCURBITACEAE
(GOURD FAM.) (700)

 a; mo or di
(5), (5); (1--5) or 1--5
(3)
ber cap (pepo)

  
  Citrullus vulgaris Schrad. WATERMELON
(Not wild in NYS)
  Cucumis melo L. MUSKMELON
(Not wild in NYS)
  Cucumis sativus L. CUCUMBER
(Not wild in NYS)
  Cucurbita pepo L. PUMPKIN
(Not wild in NYS)
  Cucurbita pepo L. SQUASH
(Not wild in NYS)
  Echinocystis lobata
(Michx.) Torr. & Gray		 WILD CUCUMBER
  Sicyos angulatus L. BUR-CUCUMBER
BEGONIACEAE
(BEGONIA FAM.) (1000)

 z; mo
-2--5-; (# or #
epi (3)
caps

  
  Begonia L. spp. BEGONIA (FL, GA)
(Not wild in NYS)
LOASACEAE
(LOASA FAM.)

 a; pf
4--7, 4--7; (5--# or 5--#
epi (1)
cap nut

  
  Mentzelia spp. MENTZELIA
(plains & prairie spp.)
(Not wild in NYS)
Salicales (1) (340)    
Compound pistil; flowers mostly polypetalous; ovules bitegmic; placentation mostly parietal;
flowers much reduced, unisexual, without an evident perianth, borne in catkins; plants woody.
SALICACEAE
(WILLOW FAM.) (2) (340)

 a; di
-0-; (2--# or 2--#; (2--4)
cap

  
  * Populus alba L. WHITE POPLAR
(Naturalized in NYS)
  Populus balsamifera L. BALM-OF GILEAD,
BALSAM POPLAR,
TACAMAHAC
  Populus grandidentata
Michx.		 LARGE-TOOTHED ASPEN
  * Populus nigra L. LOMBARDY POPLAR
(Naturalized in NYS)
  Populus tremuloides Michx. QUAKING ASPEN
  * Salix alba L. 'tristis' GOLDEN WEEPING WILLOW
(Most common weeping
willow in NY)
(Naturalized in NYS)
  * Salix babylonica L. WEEPING WILLOW
(Naturalized in NYS)
  Salix bebbiana Sarg. BEBB'S WILLOW
  Salix discolor Mühl. PUSSY WILLOW
  *Salix fragilis L. CRACK WILLOW
(Naturalized in NYS)
  Salix lucida Mühl. SHINING WILLOW
  Salix nigra Marsh. BLACK WILLOW
  Salix pedicellaris Pursh BOG WILLOW
  Salix pyrifolia Anderss. BALSAM WILLOW
  Salix sericea Marsh. SILKY WILLOW
  Salix uva-ursi Pursh BEARBERRY WILLOW
Capparales (5) (4000)    
Compound pistil; flowers mostly polypetalous; ovules bitegmic; placentation mostly parietal;
flowers with an evident perianth, not borne in catkins; plants with mustard-oil and myrosin-cells;
fruit a capsule with a replum; carpels most often 2.
CAPPARACEAE
(CAPER FAM.) (800)

 a or z; pf
2--6, 2--6; 6--#; (2)
ber silc

  
  Caparis spinosa L. CAPERS
(Not wild in NYS)
  Chlorophytum elatum SPIDER PLANT
(Not wild in NYS)
CRUCIFERAE
(MUSTARD FAM.) (3000)

 a; pf
4, 4; 2 + 4; (2)
silq silc

  
  * Alliaria officinalis
(Bieb.) Cav. & Grande		 GARLIC MUSTARD
(Naturalized in NYS)
  Armoracia rusticana
P. Gaertn.		 HORSERADISH
(Not wild in NYS)
  * Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. WINTER CRESS
(Naturalized in NYS)
  * Berteroa incana (L.) DC. HOARY ALYSSUM
(Naturalized in NYS)
  Brassica alba Boiss. WHITE MUSTARD
(Not wild in NYS)
  Brassica campestris L. TURNIP
(Not wild in NYS)
  Brassica campestris L. RAPE (Canola oil)
(Not wild in NYS)
  Brassica campestris L. RUTABAGA
(Not wild in NYS)
  Brassica oleracea
var. botrytis DC.		 BROCCOLI
(Not wild in NYS)
  Brassica oleracea
var. botrytis DC.		 CAULIFLOWER
(Not wild in NYS)
  Brassica oleracea
var. capitata DC.		 CABBAGE
(Not wild in NYS)
  Brassica oleracea
var. gemmifera DC.		 BRUSSEL SPROUTS
(Not wild in NYS)
  * Capsella bursa-pastoris
(L.) Medic.		 SHEPARD'S PURSE
(Naturalized in NYS)
  Cardamine diphylla
(Michx.) Wood		 TOOTHWORT
  * Raphanus raphanistrum L. WILD RADISH
(Naturalized in NYS)
  Raphanus sativus L. RADISH
(Not wild in NYS)
RESEDACEAE
(MIGNONETTE FAM.)

 z; pf
4--7, 4--7; 3--40; (2--7)
cap

  
  * Reseda luteola L. DYER'S ROCKET (NY)
(Naturalized in NYS)
Ericales (8) (4000)    
Compound pistil; flowers mostly sympetalous; ovules unitegmic; filaments very often attached
directly to the receptacle; plants strongly mycotrophic and often producing iridoid compounds
and other special compounds.
CYRILLACEAE
(CYRILLA FAM.)

 a; pf
5 or (5, 5 or (5; 5 or 10; (2--5)
cap sam dr

  
  Cyrilla racemiflora L. SOUTHERN LEATHERWOOD
(VA south)
(Not wild in NYS)
CLETHRACEAE
(WHITE-ALDER FAM.)

 a; pf
5, 5; 10; (3)
cap

  
  Clethra alnifolia L. SUMMERSWEET
ERICACEAE
(HEATH FAM.) (3500)

 a to z; pf
(4 or 5), (4 or 5); 8 or 10; (4 or 5)
cap ber dru

  
  Andromeda Polifolia L. BOG ROSEMARY
  Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
(L.) Spreng.		 BEARBERRY
  * Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull HEATHER
(Naturalized in NYS)
  Chamaedaphne calyculata
(L.) Moench		 LEATHERLEAF

  Epigaea repens L. MAYFLOWER
  Gaultheria hispidula
(L.) Mühl. ex Bigel.		 CREEPING SNOWBERRY
  Gaultheria procumbens L. WINTERGREEN
  Gaylussacia baccata
(Wang.) Koch		 HUCKLEBERRY
  Kalmia angustifolia L. SHEEP LAUREL
  Kalmia latifolia L. MOUNTAIN-LAUREL
  Kalmia polifolia Wang. BOG LAUREL
  Ledum groenlandicum Oeder LABRADOR TEA
  Leucothoë fontanesiana
(Steud.) Sleumer		 DROOPING LEUCOTHOE
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Oxydendrum arboreum
(L.) DC.		 SOURWOOD
  Pieris floribunda
(Pursh ex Sims) Benth. & Hook.		 MOUNTAIN PIERIS
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Pieris japonica
(Thunb.) D. Don ex G. Don		 JAPANESE PIERIS
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Loiseleuria procumbens
(L.) Desv.		 ALPINE AZALEA
  Rhododendron carolinianum
Rehd.		 CAROLINA RHODODENDRON
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Rhododendron catawbiense
Michx.		 CATAWBA RHODODENDRON
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Rhododendron lapponicum
(L.) Wahlenb.		 LAPLAND ROSEBAY
  Rhododendron maximum L. ROSEBAY RHODODENDRON
  Rhododendron
mucronulatum Turcz.		 KOREAN RHODODENDRON
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Rhododendron 'P.J.M.' 'P.J.M.' RHODODENDRON
(Popular Weston's Nurseries
introduction)
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Rhododendron
schlippenbachii Maxim.		 ROYAL AZALEA
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Rhododendron vaseyi
Gray		 PINKSHELL AZALEA
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Vaccinium angustifolium
Ait.		 LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY
  Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. LARGE-FRUITED CRANBERRY
  Vaccinium myrtilloides
Michx.		 SOUR-TOP BLUEBERRY
  Vaccinium oxycoccos L. SMALL-FRUITED CRANBERRY
  Vaccinium uliginosum L. ALPINE BILBERRY
EMPETRACEAE
(CROWBERRY FAM.)

 a; di, mo or po-mo
3, 3; 2 or 3; (2--9)
dr

  
  Empetrum nigrum L. BLACK CROWBERRY
PYROLACEAE
(WINTERGREEN FAM.)

 a; pf
(4 or 5, 5; 6--12; (5)
cap

  
  Chimaphila umbellata
(L.) Bart.		 PIPSISSEWA (Protected in NY)
  Orthilia secunda (L.) House ONE-SIDED SHINLEAF
  Pyrola elliptica Nutt. SHINLEAF
MONOTROPACEAE
(INDIAN-PIPE FAM.)

 a; pf
(4 or 5, 5; 6--12; (5)
cap

  
  Monotropa hypopithys L. PINE SAP
  Monotropa uniflora L. INDIAN PIPE
Diapensiales (1) (18)    
Compound pistil; flowers mostly sympetalous; ovules unitegmic; filaments nearly always attached
to the corolla-tube; plants not strongly mycotrophic; without iridoid compounds and mostly without
special ericoid chemicals; placentation mostly axile; functional stamens various; perennial herbs,
accumulating aluminum; functional stamens alternate with the corolla-lobes.
DIAPENSIACEAE
(DIAPENSIA FAM.) (18)

 a; pf
5, 5 or (5); 5 or 10; (3)
cap

  
  Diapensia lapponica L. MOUNTAIN BRIDE
Ebenales (5) (2000)    
Compound pistil; flowers mostly sympetalous; ovules unitegmic; filaments nearly always attached to the
corolla-tube; plants not strongly mycotrophic; without iridoid compounds and mostly without special ericoid
chemicals; placentation mostly axile; functional stamens various; trees or shrubs, not accumulating aluminum
except in the Symplocaceae; functional stamens opposite the corolla-lobes.
SAPOTACEAE
(SAPODILLA FAM.) (1100)

 a; pf
(4--8 or 4--8, (4--8); 4--10; (4--5)
ber

  
  Bumelia lycioides (L.) Pers. CAROLINA BUCKTHORN
(IL to VA south)
(Not wild in NYS)
EBENACEAE
(EBONY FAM.) (450)

 a; pf or di or po
(3--7, (3--7; 6--20; (3--#)
ber

  
  Diospyros virginiana L. COMMON PERSIMMON
STYRACACEAE
(STORAX FAM.)

 a; pf
(4--5, (4--5; 8--10
(4)
dr

  
  Halesia carolina L. CAROLINA SILVERBELL
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Styrax japonicus
Sieb. & Zucc.		 JAPANESE SNOWBELL
(Ornamental in NYS)
SYMPLOCACEAE
(SWEET-LEAF FAM.)

a; pf
(5, (5) or (10); 5--10
(2--5)
dru ber 

  
  Symplocos tinctoria (L.) L'Hér. SWEET-LEAF (DE to LA)
(Not wild in NYS)
Primulales (3) (1900)    
Compound pistil; flowers mostly sympetalous; ovules unitegmic; filaments nearly always attached
to the corolla-tube; plants not strongly mycotrophic; without iridoid compounds and mostly without
special ericoid chemicals; placentation free-central or basal in a unilocular ovary; functional stamens
as many as and opposite the corolla-lobes.
PRIMULACEAE
(PRIMROSE FAM.) (800)

a; pf
 S5
(5), (5) or 5; (2--6)
cap

  
  Lysimachia spp. LOOSESTRIFE
  Trientalis borealis Raf. STAR FLOWER
Subclass V. Rosidae
(18) (60,000)		    
Stamens usually centripetal; flowers seldom with parietal placentation and seldom with free-central or basal
placentation in a unilocular, compound ovary; flowers polypetalous; plants often tanniferous, sometimes
with iridoid compounds, rarely with mustard-oils and never with betalains.
Rosales (24) (6600)    
Flowers relatively primitive, commonly either apocarpous (with 1-many carpels), or with more or less numerous
stamens, often both; plants never with internal phloem, never parasitic (though sometimes insectivorous) and
never highly modified aquatics; Gynoecium mostly of 2-many carpels; endosperm variously present or absent.
ROSACEAE
(ROSE FAM.) (3000)

 

  

Subfamily: Spiraeoideae

 a; pf
5, 5; #; 1--# peri
fol cap

  
  Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fern. GOATSBEARD
(Dioecious perennial)
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Exochorda racemosa (Lindl.) Rehd. COMMON PEARLBUSH
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. COMMON NINEBARK
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Spiraea japonica L.f. 'Bumalda' BUMALDA SPIRAEA
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Spiraea latifolia (Ait.) Borkh. MEADOWSWEET
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Spiraea thunbergii Sieb. THUNBERG SPIRAEA
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Spiraea tomentosa L. HARDHACK
  Stephanandra incisa (Thunb.) Zabel. CUTLEAF STEPHANANDRA
(Ornamental in NYS)

Subfamily: Rosoideae

 a; pf
5, 5; #; 1--# peri
aggr: ach druplet

  
  Dalibarda repens L. FALSE VIOLET
  Fragaria virginiana Mill. STRAWBERRY
  Geum canadense Jacq. WHITE AVENS
  Geum rivale L. PURPLE AVENS
  Kerria japonica (L.) DC. JAPANESE KERRIA
(Ornamental in NYS)
  Potentilla L. spp. POTENTILLA
  Potentilla tridentata Soland. ex Ait. THREE-TOOTHED
CINQUEFOIL
  Rosa hugonis Hemsl. FATHER HUGO ROSE
(Ornamental in NYS)
  * Rosa multiflora Thunb. ex Murr. MULTIFLORA ROSE
(Naturalized in NYS)
  Rosa palustris Marsh.